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Physics Final Project: AI (Option 4) & The Information Highway (Option 5): OPTION #4 AI

AI GENERATED IMAGES

  

Image 1 prompt: In the artistic style of a 1960s ad several cats are flying to the moon in a vintage style rocket

Image 2 prompt: In the artistic style of Disney's 101 Dalmatians animated movie from the 1960's several dogs are working in a science lab

Tool: RunwayML

BREAKTHROUGHS IN AI

Early Developments in Artificial Intelligence

  • 1950 - Turing Test: Alan Turing proposed the Turing Test in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," providing a criterion to evaluate a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to or indistinguishable from that of a human.

  • 1956 - Dartmouth Conference: This conference, organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon, is considered the official birth of artificial intelligence as a separate field of study. It's where the term "artificial intelligence" was first coined.

  • Late 1950s - Early AI Programs: The development of early AI programs like the Logic Theorist by Newell and Simon in 1956 and the General Problem Solver (GPS) in 1957, marked significant progress in the field.

  • 1966 - ELIZA: Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA, an early natural language processing computer program, which demonstrated the superficiality of communication between humans and machines but was a big step in the development of conversational agents.

  • 1980s - Machine Learning Takes Off: The shift towards machine learning, with the development of algorithms that could learn from and make predictions on data, was a major step forward. This era also saw the rise of neural networks and the widespread adoption of expert systems, marking the first AI boom.

Significant Advances and Challenges

  • 1997 - Deep Blue Beats Kasparov: IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov, showcasing the potential of AI in mastering complex games that require strategic thinking.

  • 2006 - Renaissance of Neural Networks: The term "deep learning" was introduced, leading to a resurgence of interest in neural network research, driven by increased computing power and large amounts of data.

  • 2011 - IBM Watson Wins Jeopardy!: IBM's Watson defeated Jeopardy! champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, showcasing AI's ability to understand and process natural language in a complex question-answering context. However, Watson's later endeavors, particularly in the medical field, faced challenges, highlighting the complexities and limitations of applying AI in highly specialized domains.

  • 2012 - AlexNet and Deep Learning: The success of AlexNet, a deep convolutional neural network, in the ImageNet competition significantly advanced the field of computer vision and deep learning.

  • 2014 - Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): Ian Goodfellow and his colleagues introduced GANs, advancing the development of highly realistic synthetic media and generative AI.

  • 2015 - Advanced Robotics: The integration of AI into robotics led to robots becoming more autonomous and capable of performing complex tasks, impacting various industries.

  • 2016 - AlphaGo Beats Lee Sedol: Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeated world champion Lee Sedol in the game of Go, a feat that was previously thought to be at least a decade away due to the game's complexity.

  • 2018 - BERT and Transformation of NLP: Google's introduction of BERT marked a breakthrough in natural language processing, significantly improving the understanding of context and nuance in language.

Recent Developments and Future Directions

  • 2020s - Generative AI and Large Language Models: The advent and widespread use of large language models like GPT-3 and generative AI tools have significantly impacted various industries and daily life, demonstrating the practical applications of AI.

  • 2021 - Rise of Foundation Models: The emergence of foundation models, characterized by their vast training data and adaptability to a wide range of tasks, has accelerated AI deployment and sparked discussions on ethical and societal implications.

  • 2022 - ChatGPT Release: The public release of ChatGPT by OpenAI, showcasing a new level of conversational AI capabilities, marks a significant milestone. ChatGPT demonstrates the ability of AI to generate human-like text responses, making it a powerful tool for a wide range of applications and sparking widespread interest in AI technology.

AI SiTES

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

AI IN EVERYDAY LIFE

AI IN PHYSICS

AI & ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS